Head of Laboratory – Dr.Sc. (Biology), Prof. Leonid Titomir

• mathematical modeling of the cardioelectric generator for solving the inverse (diagnostical) problems in computerized electrocardiographic systems;
• biophysical and anthropometric substantiation of ‘economic’ lead systems for diagnostical mapping of the cardioelectric field;
• development of methods for intelligible-pictorial representation of the cardioelectric processes in computerized diagnostical systems;
• estimation of the effect of anthropometric factors on the diagnostical interpretation of electrocardiographic measurements;
• determination of new diagnostical criteria on the basis of experimental-clinical application of the developed methods for intelligible-pictorial visualization of the cardiac electrophysiological characteristics.

Investigation of a new diagnostical characteristic, called moving electric center of the heart, have been continued. This point is determined on the basis of mapping of the cardioelectric field with the use of multiple–lead systems (in particular, the NEKTAL-48 lead system developed previously) and the multipole model of the cardioelectric generator. Analytical formulas are obtained for calculation of the electric center coordinates from the multipole components of three lower orders and the accuracy of this technique is estimated, using mathematical models of the cardioelectric generator.

As a result of the experimental-clinical approbation of the previously proposed method of dipole electrocardiotopography (DECARTO) carried out in the Cardiology Research Complex, Ministry of Public Health of Russia, a set of new quantitative parameters of amplitude, integral, and differential (in time and in space) types is found. These parameters have an explicit electrophysiological interpretation and provide an increased accuracy of the diagnosis, especially for combined pathological states (in particular, where the infarction scars are present in the heart along with the left bundle branch block). Preliminary results are obtained with the use of the DECARTO method for dynamical observation of the heart state in healthy persons during physical training for space flights (this investigation have been carried out in cooperation with the Cardiology Research Complex (Russia) and scientific groups from University of Paris and University of Bordeaux (France).

A fundamentally new concept of comprehensive visualization of electrocardiosignals measured with the modified Frank lead system is worked out. Here, eight unipolar leads are used, while the signals are analyzed with the use of a truncated multipole expansion of a lower order. This approach provides a significant increase in the amount of useful diagnostical information without complication of the measurement procedure as compared to the vectorcardiographic method on the basis of the classical Frank lead system. In addition, an intelligible-pictorial (topographic) representation of the data is implemented, therefore the quality of the diagnosis is significantly improved for quantitative, as well as heuristic estimation of the data.

The solution of a number of research tasks was carried out in collaboration with scientists of Slovak Republic in the framework of agreements on scientific cooperation concluded by Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, with the following scientific institutions: Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; and International Laser Center in Bratislava. The basic results of the joint research and development are outlined in the monograph by L.I. Titomir and P. Kneppo “Mathematical Modelling of the Cardiac Bioelectric Generator” (Nauka – Fizmatlit, Moscow, 1999).

The main scientific results were presented by Prof. L.I. Titomir as lectures at the International Symposium “Computerized Electrocardiography at the Turn of the Century” (Moscow, Apr. 27 – 30, 1999); the 11th Nordic-Baltic Conference on Biomedical Engineering (Tallinn, Estonia, June 6-10, 1999); the 1st All-Russia Seminar “Modern Methods of Noninvasive Diagnosis of Arrhythmias in Children” (Moscow, June 14-17, 1999); the 26th International Congress on Electrocardiology (Syktyvkar, June 29 – July 3, 1999); and the 2nd Meeting of Biophysicists of Russia (Moscow, Aug. 23 – 27, 1999).

Prof. L.I. Titomir participated in international scientific and scientific-organizational actions as a Member of Council of the International Society of Electrocardiology, an Editorial Consultant of “Journal of Electrocardiology” (USA), and a Member of Editorial Board of “Bratislava Medical Journal” (Slovak Republic).

1. Titomir L.I., Kneppo P. Mathematical Modelling of the Cardiac Bioelectric Generator. Nauka – Fizmatlit, Moscow, 1999 (in Russian).
2. Titomir L.I., Trunov V.G., Aidu E.A.I., Barinova N.E. Noninvasive mapping of the quasiepicardium potential using symmetry of the multipole fields. – In: Electrocardiology' 98. World Scientific, Singapore etc., 1999, p. 31-34.
3. Titomir L.I. Dipole electrocardiotopography (DECARTO): An intelligible-pictorial representation of orthogonal electrocardiogram (conceptual review). – In: Electrocardiology' 98. World Scientific, Singapore etc., 1999, p. 39-42.
4. Sakhnova T.A., Romanchuk P.I., Blinova E.V., Aidu E.A.I., Trunov V.G., Barinova N.E., Titomir L.I. DECARTO technique in differential diagnosis of inferior myocardial infraction and left anterior fascicular block. – In: Electrocardiology' 98. World Scientific, Singapore etc., 1999, p. 113-116.
5. Sakhnova T.A., Saltykova M.M., Romanchuk P.I., Trunov V.G., Aidu E.A.I., Titomir L.I. DECARTO technique in recognition of old myocardial infarction in patients with LBBB. – In: XXVI Int. Congr. Electrocardiol. (Abstract book), Komi Sci. C., Ural Division of RAS, Syktyvkar, 1999, p. 61.
6. Titomir L.I. Problem of identification of the bioelectric generator from noninvasive measurements of its electromagnetic field. – In: 2nd Meeting of Biophysicists of Russia (Abstract book), v. II, Inst. Cel. Biophys. RAS, Moscow, 1999, p. 459-460 (in Russian).
7. Bacharova L., Chorvat D., Mateasik A., Titomir L.I. Topographic presentation of the dipolar content of cardiac electric field. – Biomedizinische Technik, 1999, Band 44, Ergänzungsband 2, p. 156-158.
8. Titomir L.I., Trunov V.G., Aidu E.A.I. Noninvasive mapping of the quasiepicardium potential: A promising alternative to diagnostical body surface potential mapping. – Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 1999, v. 37, Sup. 1, p. 79-80.
9. Titomir L.I., Trunov V.G., Aidu E.A.I. A new approach to determination of the moving electric center of the heart for topical diagnosis in electrocardiology. – Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., 1999, v. 37, Sup. 2, Part II, p. 1190-1191.

A fundamental task of design of an adequate interface with a complex technical system, which provides the most effective interaction to the system due to dynamically taking into account individual features of the user, is considered in the project.

With this goal a concept of the intelligent interface based on the network of learning agents is formulated. Each agent is to trace a separate user feature, providing the required level of interface adaptation.

Some specific features of the autonomous multi-agent (locally-organized) systems for the use in the intelligent interface are described.

Various applications are considered including the design of flexible man-machine communication for industrial processes, the optimization of the process of use and support of the storage rooms, the design of complex models of student and teacher for computer tutoring systems. In all the cases it was demonstrated that the intelligent interface may essentially increase the system performance.

The general requirements for agent knowledge base and means to observe the user relevant characteristics are established. A supplement study of precise and approximate methods to analyze locally-organized systems is performed. New results for use the developed category constructions for formal description of problems of learning in artificial systems are obtained. In particular the special types of categories, substitution category and fuzzy category, have been constructed to describe the most common processes constituting the base for modern AI systems.

Adequate methods for representation of quality of tutoring knowledge accounting the cognitive components are proposed.

On the base of solution of integration problem of various approaches to the quality estimation in the frame of a common system an engineering solution is proposed for a corresponding component of intellectual tutoring system.

Apart from the publications below, the main scientific results were presented by V. L. Stefanuk during the workshops organized by the European program “Copernicus”: AMETMAS NoE in St. Petersburg and the annual conference ICIMS NoE of European Commission “Life Cycle Approaches to Production Systems” held in Leuven, Belgium, in September 1999.

At the 11^th International Congress of World Organization for Cybernetics and Systems held 23-27 August in London, V. L. Stefanuk presented two papers. V. L. Stefanuk also chaired the section “Artificial Intelligence” during the Congress.

At the 3^rd Russian-Byellorussian school on Artificial Intelligence for the students and Graduate students V. L. Stefanuk read an invited lecture.

As a member of International Pragmatic Association L. V. Savinicth has been invited to read a course “Stylistics of Russian Language” in the University of Basel, Switzerland.

• Russian Basic Research Foundation (No. 99-01-01152): “Problems of Intellectual Man-Machine Interfaces Design with the Methods of Locally-Organized Systems” (project leader).
• Ministry of Science and Technologies of Russian Federation, the award from the fund "Perspective Information Technologies” (No. 0201.04.240): “Develop-ment of Programming Means for Elicitation and Representation of Knowledge to be used in Intellectual Tutoring Systems for Medical Diagnostics” (project co-leader).

1. Stefanuk V., Zhozhikashvili A. Some Principles of Rapid Prototyping for Expert Problems. Proceedings of the Scientific Session MIPHI-99, Vol. 7, Section "Intellectual systems and Technologies", p. 141.
2. Stefanuk V. Algorithms of Search Optimization in Distributed Memory. Proceedings of Russian Academy of Sciences. Theory and Control Systems, #4, 1999, pp. 93-99. (Translation: Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International. Vol. 38, No.4, 1999, pp. 566-572).
3. Zhozhikashvili A., Stefanuk V. Theory of Category Patterns for AI Problems. Proceedings of RAN: Theory and Control Systems, #5, 1999, pp. 5-16.
4. Stefanuk V. General Approach to Locally-Organized Systems. The Annual Conference of ICIMS-NOE, supported by the Commission of EC, DGIII, Life Cycle Approaches to Production Systems. Management, Control, and Supervision. PREPRINTS. Leuven, Belgium. September 22nd-24th, 1999, 2 p
5. Stefanuk V. Locally-Organised Manufacturing Systems (presented at AMETMAS NoE Workshop, St.-Petersburg, 1999).
6. Zhozhikashvili A., Stefanuk V. Theory of Category for Intellectual System Description. Proceedings of thesis of papers of the International Conference on Control Problems, Vol. 3, Moscow: Institute for Control Problems, 1999, pp. 227-231.
7. Stefanuk V. Dynamic Expert Systems (accepted for publication in Proceedings of WOSC'99), 1999, 3 pages

http://www.iitp.ru/personal/Vadim_Stefanuk/bibliography/ps/dynamo2.ps

8. Pospelov D., Stefanuk V. Homeostatic Models in Artificial Intelligence (presented at WOSC'99 accepted for publication in Proceedings of WOSC'99), 1999, 2 p.

http://www.iitp.ru/personal/Vadim_Stefanuk/bibliography/ps/cyber3.ps

9. .Stefanuk V. Mathematical Modeling of Distributed Memory System. Proceedings of the 3d Russian – Byelorussian School on Artificial Intelligence for students and graduate students (Braslav School 1999), Republic of Byelorussia, Braslav Lakes, 28 June – 4 July 1999, pp. 75-90.
10. Zhozhikashvili A., Stefanuk V. Theory of Category for Intellectual System Description (Inst. for Control Problems, Moscow, June 1999, Extended version of the Invited Paper), 10 p.
11. Stefanuk V. The First International Workshop of Central and Eastern Europe on Multi-Agent Systems (CEEMAS'99), ICIMS NEWS Number 20/21 – September 1999, pp. 23-26.
12. Stefanuk V. Cognitive levels of teacher and student, Proceeding of the of the 4th International Seminar Applied Semiotics, Semiotic and Intellectual Control (ASC/IC'99), Russian Association for Artificial Intelligence, Moscow 1999, pp. 148-157.
13. Stefanuk V. Principle of Semiotic Introspection. Collection of Scientific Works of Scientific Session MIPHI-2000, Vol. 3, Ministry of Higher Education of Russian Federation, Moscow, pp. 56-57.