LABORATORY 12
Laboratory
of Bioinformatics of Cell Processes
and
Motocontrol
Head of Laboratory – Dr.Sc.
(Mathematics) Alexey Chernavsky
Tel.: (095)209-42-25, (095)
952-33-03; E-mail: chernav@iitp.ru
The leading researchers of the laboratory
include:
Dr.Sc.
(Biology) |
Yu. Arshavsky |
Dr.Sc.
(Biology) |
S. Minina
|
Dr.Sc.
(Biology) |
V. Bozhkova |
Dr.Sc. (Biology) |
Yu. Panchin |
Dr.Sc. (Math), |
V.
Dunin-Barkowsky, President of the RNNS |
Dr. |
M. Berkinblit |
Dr.Sc. (Biology)
|
Z. Khashaev
|
Dr. |
Yu. Burmistrov |
Dr.Sc. (Biology) I. Keder-Stepanova |
Dr. |
L. Kudina |
|
Dr.Sc. (Biology) E. Liberman |
Dr. |
D. Voronov |
|
Dr.Sc. (
Math.) I. Lukashevich |
Dr. |
N. Samosudova |
The general theme of the scientific work in the laboratory is: analysis
of the information processes in cellular systems and in motor control. The main
directions of theoretical researches in this realm: developmental biology
(analysis of principles for the realization of genetic information in the developmental
systems), neurobiology (neural communication and biochemical modulation in
neural centers), motor control (study of geometry of manipulative space and of
control goal-directed moving). Also some new bioinformatical principles are
worked out including the building of computerized system for the analysis of
expert knowledge.
MAIN RESULTS
Developmental biology. It is known that near 1% of all
babies are born with the major structural abnormalities which arise still in
early embryonic development. But the mechanisms of morphogenetic embryopathies
remain unrevealed. The goal of the Dr. V. P. Bozhkova’s group study is to clear
what regulatory systems play the signal role in normal morphogenesis. Their
recent experiments show that phosphatidylinositol (PI) cycle directs the
contractions and cytoskeleton reorganization in embryogenesis. To reveal PI
cycle involvement in regulation of morphogenesis at the blastula and gastrula
stages GTP-gamma-S (in final concentration 80-100 mM per embryo) and GDP-beta-S (in final concentration 5-15 mM per embryo) were used, respectively, as activator and the inhibitor of
PI signalling pathway at the level of G-proteins. Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate
(IP3) as intermediate of PI cycle also was tested (in
final concentration 5-10 mM per embryo)
for their influence on the morphogenetic movements of gastrulation. The work
was carried out with using of fish (loach, Misgurnus fossilis) embryos. The
stages of development at which GTP-gamma-S induced the immediate effect after
injection were tested. The cleavage divisions and the second part of
gastrulation (50-70% of epiboly) proved to be such stages. The primary effect
of GTP-gamma-S consisted in the overcontraction of the yolk syncytial layer and
the blastoderm margin. The late blastula and the early epiboly stages were not
changed after treatment of GTP-gamma-S. In addition to immediate effect
GTP-gamma-S, injected at all the stages from early blastula till midgastrula,
had remote contractive effect at the second part of gastrulation. The rate of
epiboly was not affected by GTP-gamma-S injections although the epiboly of some
embryos was reversed. In opposite to GTP-gamma-S the injections of the stable
analog of GDP – GDP-beta-S which inhibit G-protein function retarded the
epiboly in loach embryos. In opposite to GTP-gamma-S the injections of IP3
did not induce the blastoderm margin contraction and did not affect the
epiboly. So, our results suggest that G-proteins can be involved in stimulation
of local cytoskeleton reorganization and contraction at the cleavage divisions
stage (perhaps, to contribute to cytokinesis) and at the late gastrula stage to
promote the final phase of epiboly. Their effects on contraction can be
connected not only with IP3 . As appears from these data also in
fish embryogenesis the spatial-temporal regulation of G-proteins activity takes
place.
Dr. Y. V. Panchin’s group has developed and perfected
new methods of isolation and culturing of identified mollusk clione’s neurons.
The methods permit to realize a functional transplantation of neurons from one
animal into the neural system of another in
vitro. Such a system serve as a good model to study mechanisms forming new
interneuron connections. It was first shown that isolated neurons conserve the
ability to the selective formation of electric connections, and conditions
under which such selectivity is supported or disappears were studied in
details. Genes which code the proteins of gap junctions in mollusks (Clione limacina) and planar worms (Girardia
tigrina) were first characterized. Also, homologue genes were found
in vertebrates, and in particular three genes in humans. These results make
evident existence of the second, after connexines, family of gap junction genes
in vertebrates. It is ascertained that intraneuron injections of the synthetic
mRNA, which codes one of early discovered proteins pannexins, influences specifically
on the selectivity of the electric connection formation in the clione’s neural
system. It is one of the first experimental demonstrations of the dependence of
this selectivity on the gap junction protein repertory in neurons. A hypotheses
was also disproved that electric connections cannot be formed between parts of
the same neuron.
Dr. D. A. Voronov working in the laboratory of Dr. Taber
in Washington University in frame of exploration making therein of mechanical
forces part in the heart morphogenesis has found that the main role in the turn
of the developing chicken heart to the right side belongs to the mechanical
properties of the membrane which cover the heart tube.
Neurobiology The neural system, a base of
informational interaction of multi-cell animals, was studying in the laboratory
at different levels.
The cerebellum studies present the traditional topic in the laboratory. Dr. W. L. Dunin-Barkowski working in the Health Centre of Texas Tech University, USA, continued studies of the climbing fiber influence upon the Purkinje cells. A hypotheses is proposed that the liana modules approximating the correlated signals could use collectively the synapses of the parallel fibers. This could make the general ensemble productivity of nodules much greater than sum of their individual productivities. Also an analysis of the neuron mechanisms of the medullary respiratory center was continued, especially the work during the cycle waking – sleep under the variation of the gas composition of respirated air and on the background of the natural and artificial breathing. In a computer simulation based on neuron ensembles it was shown that many types of the respirator neurons may be exposed in the simplest model.
Dr. I. A. Keder-Stepanova's group studies changes in
the activity of the medullary respirator nuclei in ontogenesis. The neuron
activity was recorded in slices from newborn mice (1-10 days). The additional
data was collected which affirmed absence of the endogenous synchronized burst
activity, that is, in the same slice there occur neurons with different periods
of burst activity. Such activity disappears up to 7-8 day and the neurons of respiratory
nuclei works continuously with different and not constant frequency. To analyze
this activity it is conveyed into computer and also histograms of interimpulse
intervals is derived on base of instantaneous measurements (program of V.
Olshansky). In this experimental conditions one successes with discovery of
implicit period types.
Drs. N. V.
Samosudova and N. V. Larionova showed that the stimulation of the parallel
fibers in the presence of exogenic nitric oxide (NO) initiated formation of an
electron-dense precipitation including calcium ions. Its appearance was
observed in structural chain going from granular cell to Purkinje cell at sites
of high metabolic activity such as nucleus ( nucleolis and nuclear membrane),
mitochondria of axons and dendrites, pre- and postsynaptic membranes of
synaptic contact, synaptic vesicles. The precipitation was easily removed by
EGTA (2o mM ), supported with the Ca in it. Thus the precipitation formed by
stimulation in the presence of exogenic NO may designate the function sites of
endogenic NO during the signal transmission from one neuron to another.
When an animal
does not make significant behavioral changes, as measured by bodily movements, the animal may be characterized as
unresponsive to a given stimulus. A study by Dr. Y. M. Burmistrov demonstrates
that when behavioral movements of crayfish cannot be observed, physiological
measures of heart rate and ventilator rate show dramatic changes in response to
defined sensory stimuli. Since behavioral observations do not allow an internal
status to be readily assessed, we suggest that heart rate and ventilator rate
may serve as a useful bioindex in crustaceans to their internal drive or
possibly an awareness level to environmental cues.
Dr. Z. Kh.-M.
Khashaev studies the influence of the varied pharmacological media, especially
the supertoxicants of the dioxin series, on the biomembrane penetrability . The
study goes in collaboration with the Institute of expermental and theoretical
biophysics RAS (Poushchino), and Institute of biochemical physics RAS.
Motor control. Drs. M. B. Berkinblit and S. V.
Adamovich have showed that in making movements in the three-dimensional space
parkinsonics appreciate the position of arm less precisely in comparison with
the normal humans when they do not see the arm prior or in time of the
movement. The possibility of the improving of the moving arm and finger
function with intensive therapy using virtual
reality is studied. In collaboration with the Universities of Ratgers and
Medsini a rehabilitation system was elaborated which includes gloves having a
feedback for force and displacement, and also a set of videogames for
improvements different finger movement parameters: diapason and speed of
movement, degree of its independence, force etc. A pilot experimental series
was carried out with 4 patients after insult which occurred more than 6 months
before to begin the therapy. The having data approve the possibility to elevate
the movement arm function in chronic patients after insult.
Drs. L. P. Kudina and N. M. Zhoukovskaya investigated
with computer simulation the motoneuron recurrent inhibition clarifying
experimental data obtained earlier. The effects of motoneuron firing
frequencies and inhibitory volley characteristics on efficacy of the recurrent
inhibition of slow and fast model motoneurones were analyzed. The duration of
"gap" in crosscorrelation functions of spike trains of pairs of
motoneurones was evaluated as a measure for the recurrent inhibition efficacy.
It was shown that the effectiveness decreased with an increase in the
background rate of motoneurones as has been observed experimentally. At the
same time, computer simulations allowed to analyze effects of the amplitude and
duration on the recurrent inhibitory volleys which cannot be studied in human
experiments. The model findings were used in interpreting experimental results.
Bioinformatical principles. The method of
structuring the mildly formalized information and professional knowledge was
elaborated by Dr. I. P. Lukashevich. It was used for building the knowledge
bases in neurology, neuropsychology and electro-encephalography. In the last
case the knowledge base was realized as a computer automatic diagnostic system
"EEG-EXPERT". The system is designed (and used) for the practical
work in neurological hospitals and policlinics, for learning young specialists
and for exploratory goals. The complex analysis permitted to determine the
diagnostic and prognostic criteria for the movement and speech rehabilitation
in patients after ischemic insult, to investigate the influence of afferent
subcortical conductive paths on the electric brain activity, and also to make
the comparative valuation of the child brain in age of 5-8 years in norm and
under the retardation of the psychic development. (With participation of the
Institutes of Age Physiology and of Correctional Pedagogics, RA Education.) The
elaborated technique and the complex approach gave a possibility to propose and
validate essentially new hypotheses on the etiology and pathogenesis of the
stammer syndrome and that showed a path to prophylaxy and to more effective
treatment.
Dr. A. V.
Chernavsky continued a work on analysis of the development in biological
evolution of the principles of informational interactions, especially on the
level of pre-speech intellect (with the Sector No. 1.1 of IITP RAS.)
Grants from:
·
Russian
Foundation
of Basic Research (No.
99-04-48147): "Основные
принципы функционирования молекулярных квантовых компьютеров".
· Russian Foundation of Basic Research (No. 00-04-49344): "Изучение механизмов взаимодействия различных мозжечковых входов".
· Russian Foundation of Basic Research (No. 00-04-48822): "Сигнальная функция фосфатидилинозитольной системы в морфогенезе".
· Russian Foundation of Basic Research (No. 01-50-70102): "Изучение высоко специфических нейронных ансамблей".
· Министерство образования РФ (ROST-N-90): Русско-французский проект "Зрение роботов 11".
1. Самосудова Н.В., Божкова В.П. Внутриклеточная локализация кальция в зародышах вьюна на стадии ранней гаструлы // Цитология. 2001, т. 43, № 6, с. 575-582.
2.
Воронов
Д.А. Сравнительная эмбриология нематод и закон зародышевого сходства // Общая
биология. 2001, 62(1): 34-48.
3.
Panchin
Y.V., Kelmanson I.V. Short-circuited neuron: a note // Neuroscience. 2000, 96,
597-599.
4. Panchin Y., Kelmanson I., Matz M., Lukyanov K., Usman N., Lukyanov S. A ubiquitous family of putative gap junction molecules // Current Biology. 2000, 10, R473-R474.
5. Ларионова Н.П., Самосудова Н.В., Реутов В.П., Чайлахян Л.М. Сравнительное исследование изменений структуры нейрон-нейронного взаимодействия в молекулярном слое мозжечка лягушки Rana temporaria под влиянием глутамата и NO-генерирующего соединения // ДАН. 2001. Т. 376. № 5., с. 701-706.
6. Самосудова Н.В., Реутов В.П., Ларионова Н.П., Чайлахян Л.М. Возможное участие оксида азота в межнейронном взаимодействии // ДАН. 2001. Т. 378. № 3., с.417-420.
7. Самосудова Н.В., Реутов В.П., Ларионова Н.П. Нейрон-глиальные взаимодействия а условиях повреждения нейронной сети мозжечка под влиянием глутамата и оксида азота // Известия ТРТУ. Тематический выпуск ''Интеллектуальные САПР''. 2001, № 4, с. 369.
8.
Фомкина М.Г., Чайлахян Л.М., Хашаев З.Х.-М., Дриняев
В.А. Каналообразующие свойства нейротропного препарата Абамектина на бислойные
мембраны // ДАН. 2001. Т. 378, № 6, с. 832-836.
9.
Adamovich S.V., Archambault P., Ghafouri M., Levin
M.F., Poizner H., Feldman A.G. Hand trajectory invariance in reaching movements
involving the trunk // Experimental Brain Research. 2001, 138: 288-303.
10.
Adamovich S.V., Berkinblit M.B., Hening W., Sage J.,
Poizner H. The interaction of visual and proprioceptive inputs in pointing to
actual and remembered targets in Parkinson Тs disease // Neuroscience. 2001, 104: 1027-1041.
11.
Jack D., Boian R., Merians A., Tremaine M., Burdea
G.C., Adamovich S.V., Recce M., Poizner H. Virtual Reality-Based Stroke
Rehabilitation // IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.
2001, 9: 308-318.
12. Krebs
H.I., Hogan N., Hening W., Adamovich S.V., Poizner H. Procedural Motor Learning
in Parkinson’s Disease // Experimental Brain Research. 2001, DOI 10.1007
13. Беркинблит М.Б., Адамович С.В.
Параллельное управление суставами при целенаправленных движениях // Материалы
международной конференции "Параллельные вычисления и задачи
управления" (PACO
2001), Москва, 2-4 октября 2001, Институт проблем управления РАН (электронное
издание).
14.
Piotrkiewicz M., Kudina L., Hausmanova-Petrusewicz I.,
Zhoukovskaya N., Mierzejewska J. Discharge properties and
afterhyperpolarization of human motoneurones supplying slow and fast muscles //
Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering. 2001, v. 21, no. 1, pp. 53-75.
15. Шкловский В.М., Лукашевич И.П., Мачинская Р.И., Данилов А.В., Печева С.А., Фридман Т.В., Шипкова К.М. Некоторые патогенетические механизмы нарушения развития речи у детей // Дефектология. 2001, № 2, с. 20-28.
16.
Кузнецов Н.А., Любецкий В.А.,
Чернавский А.В. К вопросу о понятии информационного взаимодействия, 2:
Доречевой интеллект // Труды III международной конференции
«Проблемы управления и моделирования в сложных системах», сентябрь 2001,
Самара, Самарский научный центр РАН, 2001, c. 43-61.
17.
Чернавский
А.В. Концепция информационной параллельности в биологии и психологии //
Материалы международной конференции "Параллельные вычисления и задачи
управления" (PACO
2001), Москва, 2-4 октября 2001, Институт проблем управления РАН (электронное
издание). С. 92-112.
In press
1. Подладчикова Л.Н., Бондарь Г.Г., Дунин-Барковский В.Л. Особенности активности “быстрых” и “медленных” клеток Пуркинье мозжечка // Представлено в журнал “Биофизика”, 2001.
2.
Dunin-Barkowski W.L. Analysis of Output of all
Purkinje Cells, Controlled by One Climbing Fiber Cell // Submitted to Neurocomputing,
2001.
3.
Dunin-Barkowski W.L., Lovering A.T., Orem J.M. A Neural Ensemble Model of the Respiratory
Central Pattern Generator: Properties of the Minimal Model // Submitted to Neurocomputing,
2001.
4. Самосудова Н.В. и Божкова В.П. Внутриклеточная локализация кальция в зародышах вьюна на стадии ранней гаструлы (сдана в печать)
5.
Krebs, H.I., Volpe, B, Aisen, M., Hening, W.,
Adamovich, S.V., Poizner, H., Pradeep, K., Hogan, N. Robotic Applications in
Neuromotor Rehabilitation // Robotica (in press).
6.
Boian R., Sharma A.,
Han C., Merians A., Burdea G., Adamovich S.,. Recce M, Tremaine M., Poizner H..
Virtual Reality Based Post-Stroke Hand Rehabilitation // Proceedings of
Medicine Meets Virtual Reality Conference 2002, Newport Beach CA, January 23-26
2002 (in press).
7.
Merians A., Jack D., Boian R., Tremaine M., Burdea
G.C., Adamovich S.V., Recce M., Poizner H. Virtual Reality-Augmented
Rehabilitation For Patients Post Stroke: Three Case Studies // Physical Therapy
(under revision).
8.
Ghafouri M., Archambault P.S., Adamovich S.V., Feldman
A.G. Pointing movements may be produced in different frames of reference
depending on the task demand // Brain Research (under revision).
9.
Schettino L.F., Adamovich S.V., Poizner H. The effects
of object shape and visual feedback on hand configuration during grasping // Submitted
to Journal of Neurophysiology.
10. Лукашевич И.П., Мачинская Р.И., Шкловский В.М. Роль правого полушария при формировании речи и памяти // Физиология человека (сдана в печать).
11. Либерман Е. А., Минина С. В., Шкловский-Корди Н.Е. Хаиматика
– новая наука, объединяющая биологию, физику и математику (cдана в печать).
Conferences reports
1.
Kelmanson
I.V., Shagin D.A., Matz M.V., Lukyanov S.A., Panchin Y.V. Altering electrical
connections in the nervous system // Abstr. Soc. Neurosc., 2001.
2.
Dunin-Barkowski W.L. Analysis of Output of all
Purkinje Cells, Controlled by One Climbing Fiber Cell. – In: "Tenth Annual
Computational Neuroscience Meeting, San Francisco, June 30 - July 5,
2001", p. 34.
3.
Dunin-Barkowski W.L., Lovering A.T., Orem J.M. A Neural Ensemble Model of the Respiratory
Central Pattern Generator: Properties of the Minimal Model. – In: "Tenth
Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting, San Francisco, June 30 – July 5,
2001", p. 34.
4.
Lovering
A.T., Dunin-Barkowski W.L.,
Vidruk E.H.Orem J.M. Activity of medullary inspiratory neurons during
hypoxia in cat // Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 2001, Vol. 27, Program No. 573.4.
5.
Dunin-Barkowski W.L. Re-synthesis of climbing
fiber cell input at Purkinje cell output // Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 2001, Vol. 27, Program
No. 577.1
6.
Samosudova
N.V., Reutov V.P. Larionova N.P. Calcium localization in cerebellum
microtubules exposed by means of electric stimulation in the NO-presence // Biological
Motility: New trends in research. International symposium. Pushchino. 2001. p.
126.
7.
Larionova
N.P., Reutov V.P., Samosudova N.V. The Possible Role of L-glutamate and Nitric
Oxide in Frog Cerebellum Cellular Fusion and Neuronal Net Functioning Control
// 2nd International Conference on Glial Interfaces in the Nervous System:
Development and Repair. Uppsala, Sweden. 2001, p. 25.
8.
Larionova
N.P., Reutov V.P., Samosudova N.V. Convergent-Divergent Glial Cell Roles in the
Cerebellum Neuro-Glial Ansamble Functioning // Myelin: Development, Disoders
and Neural Repair, ISN/ASN Satellite Meeting, Colonia, Uruguay, 2001, p. 53.
9. Хашаев З.Х-М., Шекшеев Э.М., Ким Ю.А. Поиски новых путей защиты от воздействия экотоксикантов // Тезисы доклада на IX международном Симпозиуме "Мониторинг здоровья населения и окружающей среды. Технологии и информационные базы данных", 28 апреля – 5 мая 2001 г., Греция, о. Крит. М.: 2001, т. 1, с. 78.
10. Хашаев З.Х-М. Комплексный подход к изучению молекулярного механизма действия психофармакологических препаратов и экосупертоксикантов // Материалы Международной научно-технической конференции и молодежной научной конференции "Интеллектуальные САПР’’, ИЗВЕСТИЯ ТРТУ, 2001, № 4, с. 287-295.
11. Туманова А.Л., Хашаев З.Х-М. 1. Прогнозирование глазных заболеваний в Краснодаре, их связь с общей заболеваемостью // Материалы Международной научно-технической конференции и молодежной научной конференции "Интеллектуальные САПР”, ИЗВЕСТИЯ ТРТУ, 2001, № 4, с. 310-320.
12. Туманова А.Л., Хашаев 3. Х.-М. 2. Прогнозирование глазных заболеваний в Краснодаре, их связь с общей заболеваемостью // Материалы Международной научно-технической конференции и молодежной научной конференции "Интеллектуальные САПР”, ИЗВЕСТИЯ ТРТУ, 2001, № 4, с. 371-372.
13. Хашаев З.Х-М. Исследование механизма действия экосупертоксикантов на биологические мембраны // Материалы Юбилейной научно-практической конференции Ассоциации научно-технических обществ корейцев стран СНГ. Москва, 21-23 июня 2001, с. 90-92.
14. Туманова А.Л., Хашаев З.Х.-М. Информационные факторы прогнозирования и предупреждения риска возникновения заболеваний глаз // Труды VII Международной конференции "Информационные сети, системы и технологии". ICINASTe-2001. Минск, Беларусь, 2-4 октября 2001 г. Т. 3, с. 180-183.
15.
Messier, J., Adamovich S., Jack D., Poizner H.
Hemispheric specialization and visuomotor adaptation // Proceedings: Society
for Neuroscience, 2001.
16.
Schettino L.F., Adamovich S.V., Gordon A.M., Poizner
H. The role of the transport phase during grasping tactilely-defined target
shapes // Proceedings: Society for Neuroscience, 2001.
17.
Tunik E., Poizner H., Levin M.F., Adamovich S.V.,
Messier J., Lamarre Y., Feldman A.G. Role of proprioception in arm-trunk
coordination during reaching with unexpected perturbation of the trunk //
Proceedings: Society for Neuroscience, 2001.
18.
Kudina L. Single and doublet firing of human
motoneurones: two patterns or two mechanisms? // Матеpиалы Междунаpодной научно-технической конференции "Интеллектуальные САПP", Таганpог, 2001, с. 351-352.
19.
Piotrkiewicz М., Kudina L., Mierzejewska J., Zhoukovskaya N. Human
motoneuron firing characteristics: modal and experiment // Матеpиалы Междунаpодной научно-технической конференции "Интеллектуальные САПP", Таганpог, 2001, с. 295-299.
20. Пиотркевич М., Кудина Л.,
Гаусманова-Петpусевич И. Анализ ритмики двигательных единиц как способ
исследования импульсной активности мотонейронов // Симпозиум "Двигательные
единицы в норме и патологии". Ваpшава, октябpь 2001 г.
21. Лукашевич И.П. Роль языка описания при комплексном анализе профессиональных знаний // III Международная конференция "Проблемы управления и моделирования в сложных системах", Самара, 3-9 сентября 2001 г.
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