LABORATORY 9
Laboratory of Neurobiology of Motor Control
Head of Laboratory – Full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Dr.Sc. (Medicine), Prof. Victor Gurfinkel
The leading researchers of the laboratory include:
|
Dr.Sc. (Biol.) |
M. Lipshits |
Dr. |
K. Popov |
|
Dr. |
A. Grishin |
Dr. |
V. Selionov |
|
Dr. |
O. Kazennikov |
Dr. |
V. Shlykov |
|
Dr. |
G. Kozhina |
Dr. |
B. Smetanin |
|
Dr. |
Yu. Levik |
Dr. |
I. Solopova |
|
|
|
Dr. |
V. Talis |
Laboratory of neurobiology of motor control investigates the mechanisms of control of posture and movements for more then 30 years. At present time the efforts are focused at study of system of internal representation and its role in motor control and at the investigations of reference systems used by brain for organization of motor behavior. During last years it was shown that in situations with discrepancy between real and perceived position of body segments many motor reactions such as vestibulo-motor and neck influences on leg muscles or oculomotor reactions are determined not by real body configuration but by its description in the system of the internal representation.
In the activity of laboratory the studies of neural mechanisms of locomotion traditionally took an important place. On the basis of this works our researchers develop new methods of medical rehabilitation for patients with walking disorders.
Manned spacefights open a possibility for studying how the human central nervous system adapts to the microgravity, to what extent the gravitation is essential for processing of proprioceptive information and for motor control. A series of joint research projects with France, ESA and NASA was accomplished in this direction during 1982-2004 under conditions of real spaceflights.
MAIN RESULTS
The new data about the principles of organization of the system of internal representation in humans were obtained. It was shown that the internal representation of the length of the limbs in children is less accurate and more variable than in adults. In studies of influence of vision on the accuracy of limb perception it was demonstrated that the sensory conflict evoked by prismatic glasses produces much more difficulties in localization of characteristic points of the hand in children than in adults. Probably, the elaboration of the internal limb model in children of 6-7 years of age is not completed and during pointing tasks they are more dependent on proprioceptive and visual feedbacks.
It was shown that development of kinesthetic illusions during vibratory stimulation of muscular afferents is accompanied by greater enhancement of response on transcranial magnetic stimulation than usual TVR or voluntary muscle contraction. The results obtained suggest that the motor cortex plays an important place in genesis of vibratory kinesthetic illusions. Thus, these illusions must be treated as a result of complex processes of the processing of proprioceptive information, involving the mechanisms of internal representation of own body, and not as a simple effect of enhanced sensory input or as pure psychological effect.
For accomplishing sensorymotor tasks CNS needs a reference system for interpretation of sensory information and control of movements. However it is not known how the brain builds this system, to what extent it uses the gravitational vertical. The data obtained at International Space Station and in ground tests demonstrated that at the Earth CNS uses reference system elaborated on the basis of both proprioceptive and gravitational information. During prolong stay in weightlessness CNS elaborates reference system, which takes into account the absence of gravity forces. The preliminary data show the decrease of asymmetry of perception of 3D turns in weightlessness. It is concluded that if on the Earth the gravity plays an important role in elaboration of multimodal reference systems, in the weightlessness the main role is played by visual system, and when the vision is excluded, brain uses the reference system anchored to the natural axes of human body.
We developed multi-channel portable microprocessor-controlled electric stimulator that can be effectively used for rehabilitation of patients with lesions of motor and nervous systems. The device permits to perform neuromuscular stimulation timed according the phase of stepping cycle. The software and hardware are protected by patents and certificate for useful model.
In our laboratory 2 students of Moscow Physical Technical Institute are preparing there magisterial works, 2 postgraduate students of Moscow State Pedagogic University are preparing candidate thesis; Y.S. Levik reads lectures for the students of the Chair of Living Systems Physics of Moscow Physical Technical Institute.
Grants FROM:
· Russian Foundation of Basic Research (No. 03-04-48430): "The system of internal representation as a basis for the interaction of multimodal afferent sources in the realization of complex postural tasks" (head O. Kazennikov).
· Russian Foundation of Basic Research (No. 02-04-48234): "Proprioceptive perception and calibration of internal model of a body" (head Yu. S. Levik).
· The program of Fundamental Studies of Presidium of Russ. Acad. Sci. «Fundamental Sciences helping the Medicine», Project «The use of new approaches of motor control in diagnostics and rehabilitation of patients with motor disorders. (Head Yu.S. Levik).
· Grant of the Foundation for Advancement of National Science: received by I.A. Solopova.
Publications in 2004
Handbooks
1. Gurfinkel V.S., Levik Y.S. Motor Control. – In.: «Psychophysiology». Handbook for Institutes of Higher Education. 3-th corrected and completed edition. Editor: Y.I. Alexandrov. «Peter» Publ. House, 2004, P. 83-98. (In Russian)
Articles
1. Belen’kiy V.E., Grishin A.A., Krivosheina E.N. Hardware and software for rehabilitation of walking and complex arms movements // “The Bulletin of New Medical Technologies”, Tula, 2004, No. 1-2, P. 80-82. (In Russian)
2. Bobrova E.V., Levik Y.S. Shlykov V.Y., Kazennikov O.V. Some features of equilibrium maintenance during tracking eyes movements. // Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine. 2004, ¹ 8, P. 152-157. (In Russian)
3. Kazennikov O.V., Shlykov V.Y., Levik Y.S. The pecularities of the maintenance of vertical posture under conditions of additional contact with external object on moving and stationary platform. // Human Physiology (In Russian), 2005, V. 31, ¹ 1, P. 65-71.
4. Kazennikov O.V., Solopova I.A., Talis V.L., Grishin A.A., Ioffe M.E. The participation of motor cortex in bimanual unloading reaction: the study by transcranial magnetic stimulation // The Journal of Higher Nervous Activity 2004, V. 54, ¹ 6, P. 750-757. (In Russian)
5. Novozhilov I.V., Terekhov A.V., Levik Y.S., Shlykov V.Y., Kazennikov O.V. 3-link mathematical model for the task of stabilization of human vertical posture // In Preprint: Mathematical modeling of human movements in norm and under some kinds of pathology. Published by Mech-math. Dpt. of Moscow State University, 2004, P. 7-20. (In Russian)
6. Smetanin B.N., Popov K.E., Kozhina G.V. The specific and non-specific visual influences upon the stability of human orthograde posture // Neyrofisiologiya/Neurophysiology, 2004, V. 36, ¹ 1, P. 65-72. (In Russian)
7. Vidal M., Lipshits M., Mcintyre J., Berthoz A. Gravity and spatial orientation in virtual 3d-mazes// J. Vestib. Res. 2003. V. 13(4-6), P. 273-86.
8. Ñordo P.J., Gurfinkel V.S. Motor coordination can be fully understood only by studying complex movements. (Review) // Prog Brain Res. 2004. V. 143, P. 29-38.
Articles in press
1. Belen’kiy V.E., Grishin A.A., Krivosheina E.N. The treatment of coxarthrose by method of functional myoneurostimulation // “The Bulletin of Traumatology and Orthopedy”, December 2004. (In Russian)
2. Bobrova E.V., Kucher V.I., Levik Y.S. The dynamic characteristics of the system of maintenance of vertical posture during fixation and tracking of visual target, revealed by methods of non-linear analysis // Biofisika (Biophysics). (In Russian)
3. Kazennikov O, Solopova I, Talis V, Grishin A, Ioffe M. Is the motor cortex involved in natural bimanual unloading? A TMS study // Neuroscience Letters.
4. Levik Y.S., Shlykov V.Y., Gurfinkel V.S., Ivanenko Y.P. Eye movements evoked by changes in internal representation of body configuration // Human Physiology. (In Russian)
5. Lipshits M., McIntyre J., Bengoetxea A., Cheron G., Berthoz A. Two reference frames for visual perception in two gravity conditions // Perception 2004.
6. Mars F., Vercher J.L., Popov K. Dissociation between subjective vertical and subjective body orientation elicited by galvanic vestibular stimulation // Brain Research Bulletin.
7. Popov K.E., Smetanin B.N., Kozhina G.V. The decreasing of effectiveness of monoaural anodic galvanic stimulation in man with enhancement of the stimulating current. // Neyrofisiologiya/Neurophysiology. (In Russian)
8. Talis V.L., Solopova I.A., Kazennikov O.V. Cortico-spinal excitability during direct and switched reactions at stimulation of muscular afferents in man: transcranial magnetic stimulation study // Sensory Systems, 2005. (In Russian)
8.
1. Belen’kiy V.E., Grishin A.A., Krivosheina E.N., Nasrullaeva A.D., Pugach G.I. The results of application of functional myoneurostimulation in treatment of coxarthrosis // Procedings of 6-th scientific and practical conference of Moscow-city “Actual problems of medical rehabilitation of patients with pathology of motor and nerve systems, December 23 2004, Moscow, Moscow center of medical rehabilitation (Moscow city hospital ¹ 10). (In Russian)
2. Kazennikov O.V., Solopova I,A., Talis V.L. The role of motor cortex in kinesthetic illusion in humans // XIX congress of I.P. Pavlov Physiological Society, Ekaterinburg, September2004, Abstracts. In: Russ. I.M. Sechenov Physiol. Journal, V. 90, ¹ 8, P. 374. (In Russian)
3. Kazennikov O.V., Solopova I.A., Deniskina N.V., Talis V.L., Grishin A.A. Muscular responses on transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex in postural tasks // VII All-Russian Conference on Biomechanics. Abstracts. Nizhniy Novgorod, May 24-28 2004 ã. V. 1, P. 113-115. (In Russian)
4. Kholmogorova N.V., Kazennikov O.V., Kireeva T.B., Levik Y.S., Selionov V.A., Solomatina T.V. The study of contralateral influences on compensatory postural reaction in man // XIX congress of I.P. Pavlov Physiological Society, Ekaterinburg, September 2004, Abstracts. In: Russ. I.M. Sechenov Physiol. Journal, V. 90, ¹ 8, P. 406. (In Russian)
5. Kholmogorova N.V., Kireeva T.B., Selionov V.A., Solomatina T.V., Andrianova S.A. Kinematical and electromyographical analysis of contralateral influences on postural reactions in muscles during forearm unloading // VII All-Russian Conference on Biomechanics. Abstracts. Nizhniy Novgorod, May 24-28 2004, V. 2, P. 109-110. (In Russian)
6. Kireeva T.B., Levik Y.S., Kholmogorova N.V. The development of the system of internal representation (body scheme) in children of 4-11 years // Almanac “New studies” ¹ 1-2, 2004, Proceedings of international scientific conference «Physiology of human development», Moscow, November 22-26, 2004, P. 202. (In Russian)
7. Kireeva T.B., Levik Y.S., Kholmogorova N.V. The influence of artificial distortion of visual perception on the accuracy of the internal representation of upper limb // XIX congress of I.P. Pavlov Physiological Society, Ekaterinburg, September 2004, Abstracts. In: Russ. I.M. Sechenov Physiol. Journal, V. 90, ¹ 8, P. 374-375. (In Russian)
8. Kireeva T.B., Levik Y.S., Kholmogorova N.V. The interaction of visual and proprioceptive information in the perception of hand position // VII All-Russian Conference on Biomechanics. Abstracts. Nizhniy Novgorod, May 24-28 2004. V. 1, P. 115-116. (In Russian)
9. Levik Y.S., Grishin A.A., Talis V.L., Belen’kiy V.E. The use of new approaches of motor control in diagnostics and rehabilitation of patients with motor disorders // Conference «Fundamental sciences – to medicine». Abstracts, Moscow, December 2-3 2004, P. 85-86. (In Russian)
10. Levik Y.S., Shlykov V.Y. The dependence of unvoluntary eye movements on internal representation of body configuration // VII All-Russian Conference on Biomechanics. Abstracts. Nizhniy Novgorod, May 24-28 2004, V. 1, P. 121-122. (In Russian)
11. Levik Y.S., Shlykov V.Y. Unvoluntary eye movements and changes of muscular tonus evoked by proprioceptive illusions // XIX congress of I.P. Pavlov Physiological Society, Ekaterinburg, September 2004, Abstracts. In: Russ. I.M. Sechenov Physiol. Journal, V. 90, ¹ 8, P. 381. (In Russian)
12. Popov K.E., Smetanin B.N., Kozhina G.V. A study of human vestibular tone // Abstracts. International Symposium "BIOLOGICAL MOTILITY", Pushchino, 2004. P. 265-266.
13. Popov K.E., Smetanin B.N., Kozhina G.V. The quantitative estimate of tonic vestibular activity in humans // Abstracts. VII All-Russian Conference on Biomechanics. Nizhniy Novgorod. V. II. 2004, P. 92-93. (In Russian)
14. Popov K.E., Smetanin B.N., Kozhina G.V. The study of tonic vestibular activity in humans // XIX congress of I.P. Pavlov Physiological Society, Ekaterinburg, September 2004, Abstracts. In: Russ. I.M. Sechenov Physiol. Journal, V. 90, ¹ 8, P. 392-393. (In Russian)
15. Shlykov V.Y., Kazennikov O.V. The role of descending supraspinal influences in regulation of vertical posture // VII All-Russian Conference on Biomechanics. Abstracts. Nizhniy Novgorod, May 24-28 2004, V. 2, P. 120-121. (In Russian)
16. Smetanin B. N., Popov K. E. The effect of different body orientation with respect to gravity on errors of human pointing movements // Abstracts. International Symposium "Biological Motility", Pushchino, 2004, P. 272-273.
17. Smetanin B.N., Popov K.E., Kozhina G.V. The regulation of muscular stiffness as one of mechanisms of visual control of posture // XIX congress of I.P. Pavlov Physiological Society, Ekaterinburg, September 2004, Abstracts. In: Russ. I.M. Sechenov Physiol. Journal, V. 90, ¹ 8, P. 400-401. (In Russian)
18. Talis V.L., Grishin A.A., Belen’kiy V.E. The special features of coordination during standing-up and walking in patients with substituted joint // VII All-Russian Conference on Biomechanics. Abstracts. Nizhniy Novgorod, May 24-28 2004. V. 2, P. 106-107. (In Russian)
19. Talis V.L., Grishin A.A., Belen’kiy V.E., The special features of coordination during standing-up from chair in patients with substituted hip joint // XIX congress of I.P. Pavlov Physiological Society, Ekaterinburg, September 2004, Abstracts. In: Russ. I.M. Sechenov Physiol. Journal, V. 90, ¹ 8, P. 402. (In Russian)
20. Talis V.L., Grishin A.A., Krivosheina E.N., Belen’kiy V.E. The special features of coordination during standing-up from chair and walking in patients with substituted hip joint // 7-th International Conference "Modern technologies of medical rehabilitation", May 2004, Sochi. (In Russian)